Dear Editor-In-Chief: The Government of India launched Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) in the year 1975 to prevent malnutrition in children, reduce infant mortality rate, and empower the mothers to ensure holistic development of the child. Currently, the ICDS scheme symbolizes one of the most extensive and the unique initiative for safeguarding early childhood development, catering to more than 100 million under-six year children under the different provisions available in the scheme. In other words, ICDS reflects the country’s obligation to enhance the pre-school education rates and an effective strategy to break the vicious cycle of malnutrition, infection and mortality…

The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children.

Background: The Comprehensive Child Development Center was established in 2012 in the center of Isfahan province to rapidly identify and intervene in the developmental problems of children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the implementation of this program. Methods: This was a descriptive-analytical study conducted based on the framework for evaluating public health programs established by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of United States of America with regard to evaluation of infrastructure, process and outcome. The infrastructure’, s checklist included an area of land, equipment, workforce and equipment completed with presence of researcher at the center. Process and outcome evaluation was performed for 127 registered children during 2019. A satisfaction questionnaire was completed in person or remotely by parents of 144 children referred to the center in 2019 and 2020. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent ttest, and one-way ANOVA was carried out through SPSS 16 software. Results: The overall compliance of infrastructure with standards was 75. 42%, with the highest compliance related to the equipment and the lowest related to the specialized workforce. The degree of compliance of the process compared with the standard one varied in different dimensions. 6. 30 % of the children were cured and 76. 38 % quit treatment. The most common reasons for treatment discontinuation were lack of appointment (29. 53 %) and long distance (18. 12 %). The overall satisfaction score was 83. 90 ±,14. 08. The satisfaction of the parents who completed the questionnaire in person was higher than those who completed the questionnaire remotely. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the rate of complete cure is low and the rate of treatment discontinuation is high, whose main reasons were the lack of appointment to admit children with developmental disorders and long distance. It is suggested that, in order to solve the problem, the Ministry of Health establish more centers and provide the required workforce.

As a part of the human society, children have formed the future generation of every country, and the child's interaction with the surrounding environment requires his physical and mental development. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to the environment that promotes mental and physical development of the child. In order to check the suitable environment for children, the initiative of the child-friendly city has been taken into consideration. The general purpose of this research is to improve the status of two cities from the perspective of a child-friendly city and to identify the appropriate indicators of a child-friendly city and to make a comparative comparison in the two metropolises of Tehran and Isfahan. The current research is developmental in terms of the combined method and in terms of the goal, and it is based on library and documentary studies, field surveys and interviews. Yeoman-Whitney test was used to analyze the indicators. The results of the evaluation show that in the comparison of the two cities of Tehran and Isfahan in terms of the examined indicators (social and physical, economic, environmental, urban management and leisure), Tehran city in the variable of safety and protection with an average of 3.09 and Isfahan city in Participation and citizenship variables with an average of 3.22 have a favorable level. Although Tehran is in a better condition compared to Isfahan in other indicators, in general, both cities are far apart in terms of standard indicators, and suggestions have been made in this regard.

Background The early diagnosis of developmental disorders and timely interventions profoundly affect the health of children and their families; however, the detection rate of these disorders is much lower than the actual one. The present study aimed to explore effects of educating mothers about the national child development screening plan on detecting abnormal child development. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was a pretest-posttest intervention. Sample size was 100 mothers with a one-year-old child having attended healthcare centers in Najafabad (one of Isfahan’ s township, Iran). The Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) was used for gathering data. Three educational sessions (each one 45 minutes) were held for mothers of the experimental group. The questionnaires were completed both before and one month after the intervention. Data was analyzed using the SPSS program, version 20. 0 software. Results: There wasn’ t any significant difference in terms of child’ s gender, mother’ s occupation and educational status (P>0. 05). The mean score of child development from the mothers’ perspective in all domains in the experimental group after the intervention was significantly lower than that before the intervention (P < 0. 05). Thus, in the experimental group, after the intervention, the mothers could recognize their children’ s problem better. Conclusion In order that mothers could fill out the ASQ correctly and children with abnormal development could be detected, it is better to provide training in the importance of developmental screening and the early diagnosis of developmental disorders. Moreover, mothers with a one-year-old child should be educated about how to complete the questionnaire.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

In this article the literature of parent-child interaction is briefly discussed. This article shows how different aspects of parent-child interation, and the normal or psychopathological outcomes are developed. This subject is explained from the vantage point of psychoanalysis, ego psychology, and contextualism approach. Research evidences converge to support that parent-child interaction plays a crucial role in child's cognitive and socioemotional development. Despite some similarities and differences between mother's and father's interactions with their children, their cognitive-emotional presence with the child is vital for a secure development. A healthy interaction is a two-way relationship, in which both dyads are involved and affect each other. Lewis and Lee-panter (1974) suggest three models that display the different levels, and complications of mother-child interaction. Finally, we have shown that during adolescence, parent-child interaction is again strong, and plays an important role in life.